Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
STREPTOCOCCAL TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) is a rare but serious illness caused by bacteria called Group A Streptococcus (GAS). These bacteria can cause a variety of infections, including strep throat and impetigo. However, in some cases, the bacteria can release toxins (poisons) into the bloodstream. These toxins can cause a rapid and life-threatening inflammatory response throughout the body.
Symptoms of STSS can include:
- Sudden high fever (often above 102°F)
- Low blood pressure
- Red, flushed rash that looks like a sunburn, often on the palms and soles
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Muscle aches
- Confusion
- Severe dizziness or fainting
- Disorientation
Risk factors for STSS include:
- Skin wounds, including surgical wounds, burns, or insect bites
- Chickenpox or other skin infections
- Recent childbirth or miscarriage
- Use of tampons, menstrual cups, or other vaginal devices (although the risk is much lower than it was in the past)
STSS is a medical emergency. If you think you or someone you know may have STSS, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent serious complications or death.
Treatment for STSS typically includes:
- Antibiotics to kill the bacteria
- Intravenous fluids to restore blood pressure and hydration
- Medications to support blood pressure and organ function
- Surgery to remove infected tissue, if necessary
With prompt diagnosis and treatment, most people with STSS recover fully. However, STSS can be fatal if not treated promptly.
Here are some steps you can take to reduce your risk of STSS:
- Practice good hygiene, such as washing your hands frequently.
- Keep wounds clean and covered.
- Change tampons or menstrual cups frequently (at least every 4-8 hours).
- See a doctor promptly for any skin infections.
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